Advanced Placement US History (AP US History) Practice Exam

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Master the AP US History Exam with comprehensive quizzes. Hone your skills with multiple choice questions, each with detailed explanations. Ace your APUSH exam!

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Which act ensured that government jobs would be assigned based on ability rather than political affiliation?

Hatch Act
Reed Act
Pendleton Act
Clayton Act

The correct answer is: Pendleton Act

The Pendleton Act, passed in 1883, was significant in transforming the federal hiring process by mandating that government jobs be filled based on merit rather than political connections or affiliations. This legislation came in response to widespread corruption and the so-called "spoils system," where government positions were often awarded to party loyalists regardless of their qualifications. By establishing a system of competitive exams for civil service positions, the Pendleton Act aimed to professionalize the workforce and ensure that individuals were selected based on their skills and abilities. It marked the beginning of a more systematic and equitable approach to public employment, fostering a focus on performance and suitability for the job rather than political loyalty. The other acts listed do not relate to the merit-based hiring reform initiated by the Pendleton Act. The Hatch Act pertains to limiting political activities of federal employees, the Reed Act deals with unemployment insurance, and the Clayton Act is focused on antitrust law. These acts serve different purposes and highlight the distinct scope of the Pendleton Act in promoting a merit system in government employment.